The Battle of Henrytown or Monday's Hollow

On May 30 and 31 of 2015 the Camden County Museum and Collins Artillery Battery B hosted a Maximum Effort Re-enactment of the Battle of Monday’s Hollow. The event took place on the Missouri Trapshooter Association grounds on State Road A in the Linn Creek area.   

General Information:  The Missouri State Guard was formed in 1861 to defend Missouri against federal forces that had invaded the state and ousted the elected leadership. In the following years of the war some of these men joined the Confederate Army; some joined the Union forces. Other men avoided the Civil War Draft of 1863 by age or occupation, by hiring a substitute, or by paying a commutation tax, and remained on their farms. Other men, like many Missouri citizens, fled the state. 

The Battle of Monday's Hollow or Wet Glaize are Union names for the skirmish.  The Missouri State Guard, comprised of many local men, called it the Battle of Henrytown or Shanghai. My mother grew up on a farm near where the skirmish took place. Many of the Missouri State Guard soldiers at the battles were citizens of Camden County and surrounding counties.  The events of the Battles at Monday's Hollow and Linn Creek have been described in detail in Union military correspondence and newspaper accounts and aren't included here.

These posts will spotlight the individual stories of the men who were killed or captured.  The death of William Shelton Watkins of Miller County was related by Peggy Smith Hake in Windows to the Past: "His military group (Iberia Rangers under command of Rankin Wright, 6th Division, Missouri State Guard) headed south out of Miller County toward the large army of southern general Sterling Price, which was engaging battles between Lebanon and Springfield.  On the second day out, they were near Richland, in Pulaski County, when they encountered a small Federal unit and a skirmish began.  The Miller County men were outnumbered and out-equaled in experience, so they tried to retreat.  William fell from his horse, which was 'spooked' by the ring of gunfire.  From the shock of the fall, he was unable to get to his feet and while he was lying prostrate on the ground, the enemy soldiers shot into his body, thus ending his short life at the age of 32 years.  The date was October 13, 1861.  His comrades brought his lifeless body back to his family and they buried him just beyond the yard fence of the home he had built only a short time earlier. In 1938 his remains were moved to the Hickory Point Cemetery.  In the remains, a large leaden bullet was found in his head."

The Miller County Historical Society noted seven unidentified men were killed and buried in Miller County.  "Seven men besides Watkins’, killed in this battle, also were buried in Miller County. On October 14, 1861, early in the morning, widow Roseanna Carlton, upon hearing horses a-whinneying at her yard gate, and peering outside, observed seven horses standing at the fence, heads over the top railing, intently looking toward the house, begging for attention, asking for someone to come and get them. Upon each horse a man was sitting, crumpled in the saddle, hands tied to the saddle horn, feet tied under the animal’s belly, dead.  Separate mounds of rock on the old Carlton’ place near the Grand Auglaize creek, later owned by George S. Wright, now in the Kaiser State Park, marked seven graves for many years." Ambrose Carlton and Stephen Loveall of Miller County may have been two of the unidentified casualties of the Battle of Monday's Hollow.

Individual service cards for men who fought at these battles indicated several companies of the Missouri State Guard, 6th and 7th Divisions were involved.    Missouri State Guard Captains listed by Union reports included Sorrel (7th Division), Wright (6th Division, Iberia Rangers, organized in Miller County), Thurman, Bell, Fair (6th Division, Third Cavalry, Company A) , and Hawthorne (7th Division, First Cavalry, Company A). 

Men who served with the Osage Tigers and Iberia Rangers are detailed in later blog posts.  Another list of local men who served with the Missouri State Guard exists in Company F, 47th EMM. An Enrolled Missouri Militia unit was an "on call" Union unit that served in the local area when called to active service.   In 1862 Missouri men aged 18-45 were commanded to join Union forces or turn in their rifles and shotguns.  According to Goodspeed's History of Camden County, p. 333, "Company F was composed of men who had first joined the enemy."   

Men taken prisoner at the skirmishes at Monday's Hollow and Linn Creek are listed in this post.  Those with blog posts detailing more information have links listed after their names.  Major Wright, Union Commander, wrote, "In every instance, when I have captured prisoners I have endeavored to discriminate very clearly, and turn loose, at the time, all who in my judgment should be released upon their oath of allegiance written out and signed by the party."  Three unidentified men were taken back to Linn Creek by order of Colonel Wyman.  Seventy-six prisoners were taken to Rolla on October 23.   After helping to build Union fortifications at Rolla. some prisoners took the oath of allegiance and were released.  Some of the officers were involved in a prisoner exchange on November 9, and served with the Confederate Army.

* denotes a prisoner taken from Rolla to St. Louis in December.  Major Wright stated in a letter to his wife that the men he took to St. Louis were from the skirmishes at Monday's Hollow and Linn Creek.  The majority were, but some of the men were captured in other circumstances.  A few days later, on December 5, Major Wright detailed his recommendations for the prisoners in a letter to the Provost Marshal in St. Louis. His recommendations are in quotation marks below the prisoners' names .   Major Wright wrote that he had no knowledge of the remainder of the men on the list.


*Stephen Allen http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/stephen-allen-allen-loveall-and-rush.html
"Has been a prisoner twice and will return if turned loose."

George Newton Allison  http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-allison-brothers-allison-cyrus.html
*John Willis Allison
*Joseph Allison
"Both bad men, taken from the battle field."(remark referred to Newton and Joseph)

Benjamin F. Ayres  (In response to General Order 19 issued on July 22, on July 28, 1862, Benjamin and his brothers William and Joseph enlisted in Company F of the 47th EMM at Linn Creek.  The following year in July 1863 Joseph and Benjamin enlisted in the 9th Missouri State Militia, a full-time Union force.  Joseph died in November.  Benjamin was mustered out in July 1865.)

Andrew T. Bailey http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-notorious-captain-roberts-roberts.html

*Andrew J. Bilyeu (Three young men named Andrew Bilyeu were in Miller County at this time.  Andrew John Bilyeu was about 25 years old, son of John R. Bilyeu, living in Glaze Township at Ulman's Ridge.  He was captured at Ulman's Ridge on November 6, 1861, when his father was killed by a group of Union neighbors.  He was sent by Colonel McClurg to Rolla on November 12 with a group of prisoners. He was back in Miller County in January 1862 for his marriage to Amanda Wyrick.  He enlisted with Still's Company K of the 10th Regt. Missouri Cavalry, CSA, at Springfield in September 1862.  In November he was transferred to Pindall's Sharpshooters.  Andrew Bilyeu, son of Andrew Bilyeu, was 19 and living in Equality Township near Tuscumbia.  A third Andrew Bilyeu was 18 years old, son of Isaac Bilyeu, and living in Osage Township near Pleasant Farm.)
*Francis Ashbury Blair was living near Humboldt in northwestern Pulaski County in 1860.  John Bilyeu was living with Francis' family.
*Thomas H. Biggerstaff (J. W. McCubbins, leader of a local unit favoring the South, performed his marriage to Isabel Reynolds in Miller County in 1860.  Isabel was living in Richwoods Township with the Short family, near the Allisons and Reeds.  Thomas and Isabel were both 16 at marriage.   Thomas took the Oath of Allegiance at Tuscumbia and a son was born about 1862.  In 1870 Isabel and her son were listed as domestic servants in Mary Burks Short's home.  Also in the home was Willis Burks, age 86.)
"These three were taken from the field. Public safety...Union men's horses.  Particularly demand their safekeeping."

*James H. Barnes
*John F. Lee
"Taken from the field, are desperate bad men, should be kept confined" 

Joseph H. Bond (Listed as both Fourth Sgt. Company B, Iberia Rangers, and Sgt in Company A, Osage Tigers, both formed in Miller County)
P. C. Bromly
Austin Brown
James Brown
A. G. Byler
Sheriff Calfee
James Caldwell (On list for St. Louis but noted At Rolla)
George Carroll
William A. Carroll (Noted as Second Lt., Iberia Rangers)
Benjamin Clark
J. H. B. Clark
S. Clark
Nathan Cooper
James Cummins (Sheriff of Camden County)

*J. M. Cyrus http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-allison-brothers-allison-cyrus.html
"Was guide for rebel band p......ing region's property bad man"

H. M Dickinson (H. M. Dickerson, son-in-law of Captain Abraham Castleman of the Iberia Rangers)

*B. Eidson
*James Eidson
*Rainey Eidson
*Robert Eidson
*William M. Eidson
"This is a notorious family taken in arms against the Government and was connected with the McClurg robbery at Linn Creek and should be kept"

*Albert H. Elliot (Noted as Second Sgt, Company B)
*Charles W. Givens
*Samuel L. Givens
"Taken from the field. were in the party that fired on our advance guard from the bushes, they are determined bad men, should be s..........ed"

Stephen English
S. S. Everett
B. W. Giver (Noted as First Sgt. Company E)
W. P. Gordon
R. Greenville
David Haldy

*Matthew J. Hall http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-notorious-captain-roberts-roberts.html
 Noted by Weant as serving under Captain Locklett in a 6th Division, 1st Regt. Cavalry unit)
"Bad man, has ........ ....................... of horse flesh.  Public tranquility requires him kept up."

Alex Hampton
James Hawkins

*Joseph Hawkins
*David Hulsey
*A. J Humphrey
*David W. Hyatt
"Were taken from the battle field, all bad men, and would not respect the oath should be kept, ......ng to Johnson's horse, _____captured"

G. W. High
J. M. Hunter (Noted as Second Sgt. Company E)

*Colton Jackson http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-allison-brothers-allison-cyrus.html
*E. B. Jackson
*Thomas Jackson
*William Jackson
"Taken from the field, are determined bad men, fired from under cover upon my advance guard, desperadoes"

*Sylvester Pattie Keeney (Noted as First Corporal. Served under Sorrel in 7th Division)
*Nicholas Loveall (Osage Tigers)
*Jesse M. Nichols (Noted as Fifth Sgt. Company B)
*John R. Nichols
*James Phillips
"Was taken from the field, fired from the brush on my advance guard, are desperate bad men and should be kept"

J. J. Lane (Noted as Pulaski County)
Lewis Langden
Henry Laughlin (Noted as Second Lt. of Company A, lived in Camden County so would have been 7th Division)
James R. Laughlin
William Link
William S. Locke (on list for St. Louis but noted At Rolla)
A. S. Loveall/A. T. Loveall
Le Marze
A. G. Miller
David Moulder http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-allison-brothers-allison-cyrus.html
I. F. Oney
R. H. Oney
Adison Porter

*John Reed (Osage Tigers)
*H. C. Richardson
*James Rudy
*Reuben Stewart (Served in Captain McCubbin's Miller County unit)
*William R. Thompson
*Edmund Townsend
*William E. Williams (Noted as Fifth Corporal, Company D)
"Were taken from the battle field, are very determined, desperate men, and the public safety demands their safe keeping"

Peter Rexrodes/P. Rexode
G. D. Roberts http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-notorious-captain-roberts-roberts.html
L. B. Roberts http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-notorious-captain-roberts-roberts.html 
R. A. Roberts http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-notorious-captain-roberts-roberts.html
William J. Roberts (Noted as Bandit Captain Bill Roberts) http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-notorious-captain-roberts-roberts.html 
Bazell Rose
D. L. Samuel (Noted as Captain A. C. 6th Division)
Jno. M. Size
I. C. Snider/J. C. Snyder
A. K. Starke
W. A. Stephens
William Summers
W. M. Thurman
P. Townsend
Dillard M. Trammell (Commissary, 6th Division)
A. B. Warthron
R. Wines

*Hyrum Winningham
"was taken from Pickett Post at wet Glaze without alarm or violence, if ......... should take the oath in full"

W. Winningham
W. P. Yeaden

Please be aware that the names may be spelled incorrectly. 

After the battles:  

On October 15, 1861, Colonel Wyman, Union officer, reported that he had several prisoners:  "In closing this report I beg to say that I am much embarrassed with the prisoners I have now in keeping (88), all or nearly all of whom are guilty of high treason, and unless I soon receive orders from you I shall send then to Rolla with sufficient escort, with orders to Colonel Dodge to put them at work upon the fortifications there or send them to Saint Louis."

The town of Rolla was surveyed and platted in 1859. Its importance was heightened during the Civil War because it was the end of the railroad line. From Rolla wagon trains went out to supply Union troops in southwest Missouri, Arkansas, and the Kansas Territory. On June 14, 1861, General Sigel arrived to hold Rolla in Union hands. Colonel Wyman and the 13th Illinois Infantry were charged with guarding Rolla and building a fort.   Colonel Dodge, 4th Iowa Volunteer Infantry, gathered their companies in Rolla in September 1861. Most of the men taken prisoner were marched to Rolla.  By October 19, Colonel Dodge reported there were 74 prisoners in Rolla: "I have seventy-four prisoners taken at the battle of Henry-town and Linn Creek, all taken in arms. I shall send the commissioned officers forward. What shall I do with the other prisoners? CanI put them to work on the fortifications?" 

For several weeks the men were held in Rolla to work.  On November 9, some of the prisoners were included in a federal prisoner exchange and headed to Arkansas and the Confederate Army.  In December many of them  were transferred by rail car to St. Louis.  Major Clark Wright, leading Company D of the Fremont Battalion of Missouri Cavalry, gained fame in newspaper accounts of his actions at Monday's Hollow and Linn Creek. On December 3, 1861, Major Wright wrote to his wife. He had arrived in St. Louis on Sunday night, December 1, with 58 prisoners from the skirmishes.: "I brought down 58 of those Fellows that I captured at Wet Glaze & Linn creek, we had a Fancy time with them. they were disperate creatures, and had an arrangement to make a stampede when we arrived at St Louis. I had but 25 Sentinals and arrived here at 8 oclock, and verry dark, and they supposed they could make good their escape Some of them at least but the Poor D__ls did not know who they Had to deal with. before arriving at the Depot, I ordered the sentinals, & Prisnors all locked up in the car. Ordered another line of Sentinals around the outside the car, while I took a carriage, and repaired to the military Prison, & brought up 27 Braces of Steel wristlets with a line chain. after getting the Jewelry properly adjusted, we marched the gentlemen out in pairs to the tune of the Rogues March, and deposited them for Safe Keeping in the Hands of the Military."

                            List of men Wright took to St. Louis

"The slave pen operated by Bernard Lynch was the first military prison in St. Louis.  It became known as the Myrtle Street Prison.  It was taken from Lynch after he joined the Confederacy.  It was a two-story brick building that could hold about 100 prisoners, although it would hold many more during periods of the war.  Myrtle Street Prison accepted its first prisoners in September of 1861.  Less than a year later it was closed and its prisoners were transferred to Gratiot Street Prison."

http://www.civilwarmo.org/educators/resources/info-sheets/military-prisons

In December 1861 the Myrtle Street Prison at the old slave pen in St. Louis became so overcrowded that the Gratiot Street Prison was opened at the McDowell Medical College Building . 

                       http://www.civilwarstlouis.com/gratiot/gratiot.htm

In December 1861 an oath supporting the provisional government of Missouri was enacted. Possibly to alleviate overcrowding some prisoners were allowed to take the Oath of Allegiance and return home. Some were required to remit bonds to assure their compliance. Requiring citizens to take an Oath of Allegiance wasn't new to times of mixed loyalty. Their grandparents had taken oaths during the American Revolution -  a successful attempt at secession - to determine who was loyal to the cause.  By February 1862 overcrowding became so bad that prisoners were sent to Alton, Illinois to the closed Illinois State Prison.  

Many of the prisoners taken at Henrytown and Linn Creek took the Oath in early 1862, posted bonds, and returned home in time to plant crops.  Their families had struggled through fall and winter without their labor and support.  Just a few short months later, these men would be faced with General Order 19 and General Order 24, requiring them to enroll in a Union Militia or surrender their rifles and shotguns.  

Camden County, Missouri: Mercantiles and the U.S. Colored Troops

Please read the initial blog from February for general information about the recruitment and enlistment of Missouri slaves during the Civil War.

According to the 1860 Slave Schedule, Camden County held 136 Slaves.  Many of the slaves in Linn Creek had some connection to the mercantiles.  Some of these slaves held occupations as boatman or teamster, rather than the more common entries of laborer or farmer.  From The Camden County Historian 1992 pp. 81-82:  "Owning steamboats, Jones and McClurg transported merchandise to Linn Creek by water and then shipped it by wagon to southwestern Missouri, northern Arkansas and eastern Kansas, areas being settled at the time.  As payment was usually in goods produced, the process of payment to the company involved the wagons and steamboats reversing their paths in order to bring the wares to the St. Louis market.  It took manpower to operate such a large scale business and much of this was supplied by slaves.  These men remained on call for duty day and night, sleeping when and wherever they could among the freight.  Whenever the boat docked, they supplied the muscle that loaded and unloaded the freight.  The slave owners usually let the men keep whatever they earned on Sunday.  The men on McClurg's boats, however, did not have the opportunity of earning this pay as McClurg kept the Sabbath work-free and refused to let his crew perform any labor.  In place of money, the members of his crew received a day of rest and relaxation, a rarity on the boats owned by other slave owners."

The individual stories are ordered by the date the soldier enlisted. 

The first two slaves to enlist in the Colored Troops at Lebanon were Sam Henry and Judge Torbert of Camden County.   Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not free Missouri slaves, it did authorize recruiting African Americans into the Union army.  

Sam Henry, born in Washington County, Missouri, gave his age as 31,

                                     Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

and Judge Torbert, born in Williamson County, Tennessee, gave his age as 28, when they enlisted at Lebanon on December 21, 1863.  Both gave their occupation as boatman. http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1895.2.pdf Frame 3 and 4 

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

  

Both men were mustered into the 67th Regt. Co. E under Capt. Hudson at Benton Barracks in St. Louis on January 29, 1864.  Judge Torbert was sick in the Post Hospital on February 24.  Sam Henry died in the Post Hospital on March 23, 1864.  http://www.sos.mo.gov/Images/Archives/Military/s00874/s00874_0547.pdf

The 67th Regiment moved from Benton Barracks, Missouri, to Port Hudson, Louisiana, arriving March 19, 1864, and was on duty there until June.  Judge Torbert was promoted to Corporal on May 1. A detachment of the Regiment saw action at Mt. Pleasant Landing, La., May 15, 1864. The Regiment moved to Morganza, La., and was on duty there until June, 1865.  Judge Torbert was promoted to Sergeant on July 1, 1864. Expedition from Morganza to Bayou Sara September 6-7, 1864. He was reduced to ranks on October 1, 1864, for disobedience of orders and habitual misconduct.    The Regiment moved to Port Hudson on June 1, 1865.  It was consolidated with the 65th Regiment on July 12, 1865." http://www.civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/uncolinf3.htm  The 65th Regiment was mustered out on January 8, 1867.

Sam Henry and Judge Torbert listed their slaveholder as E. B. Torbert.   Mr. Torbert was Joseph McClurg's business partner in a Linn Creek mercantile.  In November 1862, Joseph McClurg was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Radical Republican.  "His strong Unionist views angered rebel sympathizers and the mercantile was burned twice. By March of 1863, the losses totaled more than $150,000. His business partner, E. B. Torbert fled to St. Louis with the remaining resources from the mercantile. It would take McClurg years to retire his debts and interest payments; and settle with Torbert‟s demands for financial compensation over merchandise that McClurg had given in support of the Union." 

http://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/resources/findingaids/rg003-19.pdf

Urasmus Hayden, born in Laclede County, gave his age as 20 when he enlisted at Lebanon.

        http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1895.2.pdf Frame 11   Missouri State Archives

Urasmus Hayden's service card indicated he enlisted December 29, 1863, at Lebanon, and was mustered into  the 67th Regt. Co. E under Capt. Hudson on January 29, 1864, at Benton Barracks.  Urasmus died in the Post Hospital on February 17, 1864.   

http://www.sos.mo.gov/Images/Archives/Military/s00874/s00874_0534.pdf     

Urasmus listed his slaveholders as the heirs of Thomas Parish.  Thomas Parish was born in Virginia about 1790.  He and his family came to Camden County about 1845.  On the 1850 Slave Schedule Thomas Parish owns two slaves, a female and a six year old male described as Mulatto.  Between the 1860 Census and Urasmus' enlistment in 1863, Thomas Parish died in Camden County and was buried at Decaturville.

On October 3, 1863, the War Department issued General Order No. 329.  "Section 6 of the order stated that if any citizen should offer his or her slave for enlistment into the military service, that person would, 'if such slave be accepted, receive from the recruiting officer a certificate thereof, and become entitled to compensation for the service or labor of said slave, not exceeding the sum of three hundred dollars, upon filing a valid deed of manumission and of release, and making satisfactory proof of title.' For this reason, records of manumission are contained in the compiled service records.  Required evidence included title to the slave and loyalty to the Union government. Further, every owner signed an oath of allegiance to the government of the United States. Each statement was witnessed and certified."

In November 1863 Order No. 135 began allowing enlistment of slaves without the consent of the slaveholder.

Three Camden County slaves enlisted at Jefferson City on January 4, 1864 - Andrew and Robert Young, and Henry Freeman.

Henry Freeman, born in Camden County, gave his age as 18 when he enlisted at Jefferson City.  http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1894.6.pdf Frame 110

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

He was mustered into the 67th Regt. Co. B under Capt. Whitford. on January 19, 1864, at Benton Barracks, was sick in the hospital on January 31, and died February 10, 1864, in the Post Hospital of measles.   

 http://www.sos.mo.gov/Images/Archives/Military/s00874/s00874_0467.pdf

Henry listed his slaveholder as Mrs. Sarah Collier of Camden County.  In the 1850 Slave Census Sarah Collier held three slaves.  One was a two year old male described as Mulatto.  Sarah was born in Kentucky in 1803.  She was living with her son Whitley and his family in Camden County in 1870.

Andrew  and Robert Young, born in Camden County, gave their ages as 19 and 21 respectively when they enlisted at Jefferson City on January 4, 1864.
http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1894.6.pdf Frame 107 and 108

By January 16, Andrew was in the hospital at Benton Barracks and died of bronchitis on February 10., 1864.
Robert was mustered in to the 67th Regiment Company B on January 19.  He was admitted to the hospital January 31 with the measles and returned to duty February 10.  He went back to the hospital in February and remained hospitalized until he died of consumption on September 10, 1864.

The men listed their slaveholder as the "Estate of Elias George, Camden County."  In the 1850 Slave Census Haziah George held three slaves in Miller County.  Two were males, ages 8 and 6, both described as Black.  Mr. Geroge and his family moved to Camden County about 1854 and he died there in 1855.  

Andrew and Robert Young both stated they were born in Camden County.  It was a common practice for slaves to take the names of the slaveholder who held them when they were born.  William Young was another Camden County slaveholder.

Lafayette Norman, born in Camden County gave his age as 23 when he enlisted at Lebanon on January 11, 1864.  

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1895.2.pdf Frame 16

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

He was mustered in as a Private to the 65th Regt. Co. D under Capt. Hudson on January 29, 1864, at Benton Barracks.  On April 27, 1864, he was sick in the hospital in New Orleans.  He returned to duty June 2 and served as a teamster for the Quartermaster's Dept.  He transferred from the 67th Regt. Co. E to the 65th Regiment Company D on August 15, 1865.  Once again, he was sick in the hospital at Baton Route on October 23, 1865.  He was mustered out January 8, 1867, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

http://www.sos.mo.gov/Images/Archives/Military/s00873/s00873_1938.pdf

After the war he worked as a blacksmith in Springfield and could read and write.

On January 21, 1893, Lafayette filed from California as an Invalid for a Civil War Pension.   By 1906 he was living at the Pacific Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in Sawtelle, California.  He died in 1926 and is buried in Liberty Veterans Cemetery in Fresno, California.

Lafayette listed his slaveholder as Moses Norman of Laclede County.  Moses Norman was born in Tennessee in 1793 and came to Laclede County in 1837 or 1838 from Mississippi.  "He was a Democrat in his political views before the war but since then has voted Republican."

History of Laclede County 1889, p. 740.

George Murphy, born in Franklin County, gave his age as 21 when he enlisted at Lebanon on January 14, 1864.  He gave his occupation as boatman.     

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1895.2.pdf Frame 18

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

George Murphy was mustered in to the 67th Regiment Company E on January 29, 1864.  He served as Kitchen Police in April and May, and was appointed Sergeant on May 1.  He was sick in the hospital in New Orleans on August 9 died of acute diarrhea on August 30, 1864, and was buried.

The 1870 Census of Camden County Osage Township listed African-Americans Harrison Murphy age 67 born in Virginia and Violet S. Murphy age 50 born in Tennessee.  Osage Township was the location of the Camden County mercantiles.

George Murphy listed his slaveholder as W. D. Murphy.  In 1860 William Murphy owned 13 slaves, held others in trust for minor heirs, and owned others jointly with Joseph McClurg.  He was McClurg's wife's stepfather and his business partner.  Please see information on the McClurg slaves near the bottom of the post.  In 1863 this mercantile was effectively dissolved by the departure of E. B. Torbert.  

Henry Clay, born in Camden County, gave his age as 17 when he enlisted for three years at Jefferson City on Feb. 24, 1864.

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1894.7.pdf Frame 12       

His entry into the 67th Regiment was cancelled.  Remarks state "rejected."

Henry Clay listed his slaveholder as WIlliam Murphy, Joseph McClurg's business partner and Mrs. McClurg's stepfather. 

Perry Crane, born in Morgan County, gave his age as 20 when he enlisted at Jefferson City on March 7, 1864.

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1894.7.pdf Frame 77 

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

   

He was mustered in as a Private to the 68th Regt. Co. E under Capt. Poillon at Benton Barracks on March 14, 1864.  Perry was sick in the hospital on April 21., and remained in the hospital until August.  On August 21 he was listed as absent without leave, then appeared as "Present" on the Company Muster Rolls from September until February 1865.  On February 1 he was in the hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. The 68th Regt. was ordered to Memphis, Tenn., and saw duty in the defense of that city till February 1865. Perry Crane died February 13th in the Memphis hospital from renal disease.  

The 1870 Census of Camden County included several African-American Crane/Crain family members living in Osage Township: Samuel Crane age 56 born in Virginia and Saphiria age 40 born in Maryland; and Edia Crain age 45 born in Tennessee

Perry listed his slaveholder as W. L. Crain of Camden County.  On November 27, 1866, W. L. Crain filed for compensation for Perry's service.   The Bill of Sale dated January 30, 1860, stated that he purchased Perry at the age of 17 from Nathan B. Chism of Camden County for $1200 (twelve hundred).

Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration

William Crain was born about 1824 in VIrginia.  In 1851 William took over the Camden County ferry business that his father had established in the 1840's. After the war he married Amanda Bollinger and they lived in Camden County for the remainder of their lives.  The ferry remained in operation until the construction of Bagnell Dam and the creation of the Lake of the Ozarks.

On March 29, 1864, five Camden County slaves enlisted at Jefferson City.  These men included Peter Alison and four McClurg slaves.

Peter Allison      Peter Allison gave his age as 20, born in St. Louis.

Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration

All five soldiers were mustered in April 6, 1864, at Benton Barracks in St. Louis and joined the 68th Reg. Company H under Capt. Root.

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1894.7.pdf Frame 88

Like so many members of the Colored Troops, Peter quickly succumbed to disease and died of pneumonia on April 25, 1864, in the Post Hospital at Benton Barracks.

   

Peter listed Willis Allison of Camden County as his slave owner.  Willis Allison was born in Wilkes County, NC, in June 1803.  He married Rebecca Bradley before 1824 in Bedford, Tennessee. In 1849 Willis bought 33 acres in Camden County.  The following year Rebecca died.  On New Year's Day in 1852 Willis remarried. At least three of his sons were taken prisoner at the Battles of Monday's Hollow and Linn Creek in October 1861.  For more on the Allison family, see http://cammilpulhistory.blogspot.com/2015/03/the-allison-brothers-allison-cyrus.html

In the 1870 Census Willis and Elizabeth Percy Allison were living with his son Joseph and family.  Also in this household were two African-Americans born in Missouri:  Alen Allison age 14 and Jiles Allison age 12.  By 1880 Willis and Elizabeth were living with Joseph and his wife in Joplin, Missouri. In August 1885 Willis died in Gordon, Palo Pinto, Texas.  

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"The story of the McClurg slaves starts in St. Francois County, Missouri in an area called 'Murphy's Settlement' that later became the town of Farmington.  John and Francis Ann Johnson lived there with their children and slaves.  After John died in 1828, William D. 'Pap' Murphy married Francis Ann and was made guardian of John's heirs, and thus was responsible for the slaves that were a part of the estate.  In 1841, Mary, one of the daughters of John and Francis Ann, married Joseph W. McClurg.  Another daughter, Caroline, married a Mr. Ballerton, and Henrietta, a third daughter would later marry John Jones.  When the estate was divided among the heirs in November of 1843, Joseph W. McClurg became a slave owner for the first time in his life.  The daughters and their husbands, plus the mother and her new husband, all became citizens of Linn Creek, bringing their slave with them." From The Camden County Historian 1992. The Camden County Historical Society p. 96.

Benjamin McClurg, born in Washington County, gave his age as 25. when he enlisted for three years at Jefferson City on March 29. 1864..  He had been freed in November 1863.  After manumission Ben McClurg was hired by a Jefferson City saloon at a salary of $8 a month.
Source:  The Camden County Historian 1992. The Camden County Historical Society p. 96.

Benjamin McClurg was mustered in as a Private to the 68th Regiment Company H on April 6, 1864.  The September roll indicates he was a company cook. Details about the 68th Regt. can be found in the information about Perry Crane.
He was mustered out on February 5, 1866, at Camp Parapet, Louisiana.

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1894.7.pdf Frame 89

In November 1866 Benjamin McClurg served as a witness on documents by J.W. McClurg applying for compensation for slaves that enlisted in the service.  He was not listed on census data after the war.  A possible son, Benjamin McClurg, born circa 1858, was marrried in Laclede County and died in 1892.  When his son, Frank McClurg, was born, Easter/Esther Jones was the midwife.

When J.W. McClurg filed for compensation in 1866, he noted that he had purchased Benjamin McClurg from a Mr. Manning in Washington County, Missouri.

Caswell McClurg's story was detailed in the previous post.

King McClurg was born in Williamson County, Tennessee. Slaveholder J.W. McClurg stated that he purchased King McClurg near Springfield, Missouri. After manumission in November 1863, King moved to Lebanon.
Source:   The Camden County Historian 1992. The Camden County Historical Society p. 96.
He gave his age as 30 when he enlisted at Jefferson City on March 29, 1864.  He was mustered in as a Private.  In July he left the Regiment to serve as a Brigade teamster. In November he was serving as a teamster for the Regiment's Quartermaster Department per Special Order #95.

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/SF1894.7.pdf Frame 92
King was mustered out February 5, 1866, at Camp Parapet, Louisiana.

http://www.sos.mo.gov/Images/Archives/Military/s00874/s00874_1966.pdf

J. W. McClurg filed for compensation on November 8, 1866.

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

In 1870 King is listed as 44 working as a blacksmith in Camden County.  King cannot read or write.  There are two differing accounts of his death. From The History of Laclede, Camden, Dallas, Webster, Wright, Texas, Pulaski, Phelps and Dent Counties, Missouri  The Goodspeed Publishing Company, 1889. pp. 323-324.

"At the November election of 1874 at Linn Creek King McClurg who had been a slave of Gov Joseph W McClurg and some other colored men were engaged in front of the court house in a controversy or difficulty with some white men when a white man being in the court house where the ballot box was kept rushed out seized a rock and threw it at McClurg and killed him. The white man afterward fled the country and has never been apprehended."

From The Camden County Historian 1992. The Camden County Historical Society p. 96.  "Election day in November, 1874, became one infamous in Camden County history.  What precipitated the trouble is not recorded; one newspaper article indicated that an 'old feud' was involved.  Another indicated that King McClurg was drunk.  Evidently a group of black and white men became embroiled in an argument in front of the courthouse.  A white man, inside the building where the ballot box was located, became agitated over the encounter outside and, rushing out, grabbed a rock and threw it at McClurg, hitting him on the head.  This started a riot with an estimated forty men, white and black, taking part.  As rocks sailed through the air, knives flashed in the sunlight and pistols were discharged; several bystanders barely escaped with their lives.  While anarchy prevailed, two prisoners decided that the time was perfect for a jail break and tried to burn a hole in the floor; their efforts were noticed and the two were put in chains for safety.  When control was finally reestablished, King McClurg lay dead in the street.  The Coroner's Jury found that King died as a result of, 'knife wounds inflicted by one Brown, and a blow on the head with a rock thrown by one Ellis.'  The two had fled the country right after the trouble and were never apprehended."

William McClurg, born in Logan County, Kentucky, gave his age as 33 when he enlisted.  He was mustered in on April 6, 1864, to Company H, 68th Regiment, as a Private.   Per Special Order 30, in May he was serving as a teamster for the Regimental Quartermaster's Department in Memphis, Tennessee. He was sick in the hospital in Memphis on August 20, but back on duty in September.  By November he was once again serving as a teamster for the Quartermaster's Department per Special Order 95.    The certificate of disability stated that he had trouble with rheumatism since enlisting, and a foot that had been injured prior to enlistment made it difficult to march more than a few miles. Since a long march in July 1864 to Mississippi his foot had been worse.

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1894.7.pdf Frame 90

William was discharged for disability on June 24, 1865. 

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

Detailed information about Joseph McClurg, the slaveholder of Benjamin, Caswell, King, and William, can be found in the previous blog post titled "Caswell McClurg."  In the application for compensation, he states that he purchased Wilson/William from Torbert and Company in Warsaw, Missouri.

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

Lang Pitts gave his age as 17 and was described as Mulatto when he enlisted for three years at Macon, Missouri on August 5, 1864.  

http://www.sos.mo.gov/images/Archives/Provost/F1894.11.pdf  Frame 51

Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration

He was mustered in to the 18th Regiment, Company D.  He died of pneumonia and was buried at Chattanooga, Tennessee on December 16, 1864.

Lang listed his slaveholder as Willis Ellison/Allison of Camden County.  Details about Willis Allison can be found above under Peter Allison.

The listing of slaves who served in the U.S. Colored Troops during the Civil War in the February and March blog posts will continue to be updated as more information is found.  It's time to turn my attention to the soldiers who lost their lives or were taken prisoner at the Battle of Henrytown, or Monday's Hollow for those of the Union persuasion.  

Caswell McClurg, Camden County, Missouri: Slave * Soldier * Republican Politician

President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in Confederate states.  Slaves in Missouri were not freed until January 11, 1865, unless they enlisted in the United States Colored Troops.  The War Department approved recruiting African Americans in August 1862, and recruitment increased following the Emancipation Proclamation.  Slaves who fought would be declared free and this would result in freedom for their wives and children also.

The Missouri men in the Colored Troops were  mustered in at Benton Barracks in St. Louis.  After March 1864 one of the hospitals at Benton Barracks was designated as a facility "for Colored Troops only."  Later that year a medical board found that more than a third of those enlisted in the Colored Troops had died from diseases, harsh working conditions, poor sanitary conditions, and lack of proper food.  Few of the Missouri soldiers in the Colored Troops survived to see Missouri slaves freed.  By the end of the war, one-tenth of Union forces were African-Americans.  Eighteen African-American soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor for their service during the Civil War.(1)

   

To keep this post from being too long, Camden County slaves will be detailed in two posts.  The first post will focus on one Camden County soldier's story, Caswell McClurg.

Caswell McClurg was born in St. Francois County, Missouri circa 1836.  J.W. McClurg stated that he came into possession of Caswell through his wife, Mary Johnson, who owned Caswell's mother at the time of Caswell's birth.(2) "The story of the McClurg slaves starts in St. Francois County, Missouri in an area called 'Murphy's Settlement' that later became the town of Farmington.  John and Francis Ann Johnson lived there with their children and slaves.  After John died in 1828, William D. 'Pap' Murphy married Francis Ann and was made guardian of John's heirs, and thus was responsible for the slaves that were a part of the estate.  In 1841, Mary, one of the daughters of John and Francis Ann, married Joseph W. McClurg.  When the estate was divided among the heirs in November of 1843, Joseph W. McClurg became a slave owner for the first time in his life. The daughters and their husbands, plus the mother and her new husband, all became citizens of Linn Creek, bringing their slaves to Camden County with them."(3)  

For more information on the prosperous Murphy and McClurg Mercantile in Linn Creek, and their slaves, please read the post titled "Camden County Mercantiles and the USCT" from March 2015.  

By the end of 1862, Mr. E. B. Torbert was Joseph McClurg's new business partner in a Linn Creek mercantile.  Joseph McClurg had been elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Radical Republican.  Radicals demanded emancipation of slaves and punishment of secessionists.  "His strong Unionist views angered rebel sympathizers and the mercantile was burned twice. By March of 1863, the losses totaled more than $150,000. His business partner, E. B. Torbert fled to St. Louis with the remaining resources from the mercantile. It would take McClurg years to retire his debts and interest payments; and settle with Torbert‟s demands for financial compensation over merchandise that McClurg had given in support of the Union."(4)

The first two slaves to enlist in the Colored Troops at Lebanon, Missouri, were Sam Henry and Judge Torbert of Camden County.   The two men enlisted on February 21, 1863, just weeks after the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on January 1, 1863.  Both men had belonged to E. B. Torbert and worked on the boats transporting goods up and down the rivers.

In November 1863 Order No. 135 began allowing enlistment of slaves without the consent of the slaveholder. Several slaves from Camden County made their way to recruiting stations and enlisted.  Caswell and other slaves belonging to Joseph McClurg were freed in November.  After manumission Caswell moved to Jefferson City.  He gave his age as 28 when he enlisted at Jefferson City on March 29, 1864, along with three other former McClurg slaves and Peter Allison, a fifth slave from Camden County.

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

Caswell was listed as 5 ft. 6 1/2 inches, black hair, black eyes, and copper complexion.  Copper was often used as a designation for Mulatto or mixed ancestry.  He made his mark to give his consent to the enlistment.  It was illegal in Missouri to teach slaves to read and write.

An anecdote titled "Noble Words and Acts of a Slavemaster" detailed Caswell's slaveholder's actions:  "Hon. Mr. McClurg, the well known member of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri, showed patriotism by giving written permits to several of his slaves to go into the army, securing to each of them whatever compensation he himself might be entitled to as a loyal owner, and stipulating that in case of the death of the men, their wives and children should receive the money. He also wrote a letter to his 'yellow' man, Caswell, in which he said to him, 'Make your own choice. If you go into  the army, let me hear frequently from you.  Make peace with your God and you need not fear death.  Be temperate; save your earnings.  If you ever fight, fight with desperation, and never surrender. Enroll your name as Caswell McClurg, and try to give honor to it.  In the army use your idle hours in learning to read and write.'"(5)  Note:  A slaveholder could be compensated $300 by the government for the service of the slave.  I believe the term "yellow" refers to Caswell as a Mulatto.  That is the description given in the 1860 Slave Schedule for Camden County.

Affidavits of Ownership and Loyalty for Compensation for Service of Slave

Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration

Many African American soldiers learned to read during their service years. Commanding officers issued orders demanding that noncommissioned officers learn to read or be demoted and offering a gold pen to the soldier that could write the best. Caswell was mustered in as Private in the 68th Regt. Co H under Capt. Root on April 6, 1864, at Benton Barracks in St. Louis.  In May 1864 he was promoted to Sergeant, and then to First Sergeant in January 1865.

A description of the service of the 68th Regiment during the Civil War follows:   "was at St. Louis until April 27, 1864. Ordered to Memphis, Tenn., and duty in the Defenses of that city until February, 1865. Smith's Expedition to Tupelo, Miss., July 5-21, 1864. Camargo's Cross Roads, near Harrisburg, July 13. Tupelo July 14-15. Old Town Creek July 15. At Fort Pickering, Defenses of Memphis, Tenn., until February, 1865. Ordered to New Orleans, La., thence to Barrancas, Fla.  March from Pensacola, Fla., to Blakely, Ala., March 20-April 1.  Siege of Fort Blakely April 1-9.  Assault and capture of Fort Blakely April 9.  Occupation of Mobile April 12.  March to Montgomery April 13-25.  Duty there and at Mobile until June.  Moved to New Orleans, La., thence to Texas.  Duty on the Rio Grande and at various points in Texas until February, 1866. Mustered out February 5, 1866."(6)

Caswell McClurg was mustered out February 5, 1866, at Camp Parapet, Louisiana.  In 1870 he was living in Camden County with his wife Mary A. McClurg and an eight year old son Moses.  Caswell could read and write and worked as a teamster.(7)   His ex-slaveholder, Joseph McClurg, was Governor of Missouri. 

Over the next decade Caswell moved his family to Carthage in Jasper County, Missouri.  Caswell may have been helping Thomas Gray.  Thomas had been an associate of Joseph McClurg's at his mercantile in Linn Creek before the war.  The citizens of Carthage left during the war and most didn't return.  Thomas Gray built the first house in Carthage after the war and opened a mercantile in it.  Within a decade he had sold the mercantile and entered the lumber business.  He eventually became successful in the loan and insurance business.(8)  

"The African American community that developed in Carthage after Emancipation was concentrated in an area known as Tiger Hill, near the northwest city limit. Prominent leaders among the black residents were Caswell McClurg, B.F. Adams and Reverend A. Coleman.  In 1880, McClurg ran as a Republican candidate for the Carthage Board of Education, with active white support; he lost by only a few votes."(9) 

Later that year Caswell was working at a flour mill in Carthage when he was critically injured.  "At Cowgill & Hill's mill today Mr. Caswell McClurg was at work below, when somehow he got caught by the machinery and was drawn in-between two large wheels, where his hips and thighs were crushed almost to a jelly. It is believed that death will certainly ensue. Mr. McClurg is a highly respected colored man and his injury is a matter of deep regret to the family."(10)  This article is followed by a second article in the same paper:  "It is with deep regret that we are called upon to announce, although it was predicted yesterday, the death of Caswell McClurg, as the result of the terrible injuries he received yesterday. He died at six o'clock p.m. yesterday, and we understand will be buried today. Thus has passed away an honest man and a good citizen, respected by all who knew him. May he rest in peace."(10)   Caswell McClurg was buried in  an unmarked grave in Park Cemetery.

Caswell's son Moses/Mose McClurg became a barber.  By 1910 he had moved to Laclede County and had his own shop.  He was living with his mother who was working as a laundress for a private family.  Moses was listed as Single when he died in Lebanon in 1915 and was buried near his father in Park Cemetery in Carthage.

In September 1900 Caswell's wife, now Mary A. McClurg Vernon, filed for a Civil War widow's pension from Missouri.  Her second husband, Andy Vernon, was a blacksmith in Laclede County.  They married in Lebanon on September 2, 1888 at the home of Easter/Esther Jones.  Like the McClurg and Jones families, the Vernon family of Camden County held several slaves before the Civil War. Andy Vernon died on July 9, 1901, and is buried in the Lebanon City Cemetery.

Caswell McClurg's wife was likely a daughter of Esther (pronounced Easter) Jones or one of her sisters.  Mose McClurg's death certificate listed his mother's maiden name as Jones.  Esther Jones was born a slave in North Carolina in 1825 and brought to Camden County by John Jones.  He was J. W. McClurg's brother-in-law and business partner.  John Jones brought several slaves to Camden County before he was killed in a steamboat explosion in 1852.  On the 1860 Slave Schedule his widow held an interest in 16 slaves, one of whom was a 22 year old female.

During the Civil War Esther Jones cooked beans in a large pot in the front yard and sold them to passing soldiers. After the Civil War several of the Camden County former slaves moved to Laclede County because a school for their children existed there.    On July 14, 1865, just six months after being emancipated, Esther Jones bought her first real estate in Laclede County with her "bean" money.  She was midwife at many births, both black and white, in the area. Esther Jones passed away in March 1907, and is buried in the Lebanon City Cemetery.

After the death of her son Mose in 1915, Mary Ann McClurg Vernon returned to Jasper County and lived at 828 E. Fifth Street in Carthage.  When she passed away on September 19, 1927, she was interred in Park Cemetery.  Information for the death certificate was provided by Zoe Moore, possibly her great niece.

With the help of Frank Stine at Park Cemetery, Nancy Brewer at Findagrave, Rhonda Richards with the Memorial Program Service at the Department of Veterans Affairs,  Michele Hansford at the Powers Museum,  and Steve Weldon at the Jasper County Records Research Center, in 2015 a marker was placed on Caswell McClurg's grave commemorating his service in the Colored Troops.

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Sources:

(1)  http://www.buffalosoldier.net/62nd65thRegimentsU.S.ColoredInfantry.htm

(2) Application for Compensation for Service of Slave filed by J. W. McClurg on November 14, 1866.   
Nationacarthage l Archives and Records Administration     
     
(3) The Camden County Historian 1992. The Camden County Historical Society p. 96.      
                      
(4) Joseph McClurg.  Dictionary of Missouri Biography edited by Lawrence O. Christensen, William E. Foley, Gary Kremer.  Published by University of Missouri Press 1999.  This book is available at several libraries or can be purchased online as an ebook.

(5) The Pictorial Book of Anecdotes and Incidents of the War of the Rebellion, Civil, Military, Naval and Domestic (Google eBooks) Richard Miller Devens W.E. Bliss & Company, 1873 p. 175   

(6) http://www.civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/uncolinf3.htm

(7) 1870 Census of Camden County, Missouri

(8) The History of Jasper County, Missouri by Malcolm McGregor 1901 p. 391-392

(9) https://www.dnr.mo.gov/shpo/survey/SWAS023-S.pdf

(10)  The Carthage Weekly Banner, September 22, 1880.

Slave * Substitute * Soldier - Pulaski County Slaves and the U.S. Colored Troops

General information:  President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in Confederate states.  Slaves in Missouri were not freed.  The War Department approved recruiting African Americans in the United States Colored Troops in August 1862, then recruitment increased following the Emancipation Proclamation.  Slaves who fought would be declared free and this would result in freedom for their wives and children also.
In November 1863 Order No. 135 began allowing enlistment of slaves without the consent of the slaveholder.   The men were  mustered in at Benton Barracks in St. Louis.  After March 1864 one of the hospitals at Benton Barracks was designated as a facility "for Colored Troops only."  Later that year a medical board found that more than a third of those enlisted had died from diseases.  Others died due to poor sanitary conditions and lack of proper food.  Few of the soldiers in the Colored Troops survived to see Missouri slaves freed.  By the end of the war, one-tenth of Union forces were African-Americans.  Eighteen African-American soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor for their service during the Civil War.(1)   More detailed information about the U.S. Colored Troops is available in an earlier blog post:  http://southcentralmolhistory.blogspot.com/2015/02/miller-county-missouri-slaves-in-us.html

In the 1860 Slave Schedule, Pulaski County reported 56 slaves.  One of these slaves was a young female brought to Missouri from Kentucky by my GGgrandparents Daniel and Mary Smith.

At least two slaves from Pulaski County joined the U.S. Colored Troops:  Joseph Inman and Allen Carter.

Joseph Inman, born in Pulaski County, Missouri, gave his age as 18 when he enlisted for three years at Rolla on March 23, 1864.  Joseph, along with James Jackson and Clark Johnson, all identified as colored and teamsters from Waynesville, were enumerated in the August 1863 Civil War Draft Registration. In 1863 the need for more recruits resulted in a Civil War Draft Registration for male citizens ages 20 to 35 and unmarried men ages 35-45.

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

Listed as 6 ft. 2 inches with black hair, black eyes, and black complexion, Joseph

was mustered into the 68th Regt. Co. K under Capt. Rogers on April 23, 1864. at Benton Barracks in St. Louis.  The 68th Regiment was "ordered to Memphis, Tennessee to defend that city till February 1865.  They were ordered to New Orleans and then to Barrancas, Florida.   They marched from Pensacola, Florida to Blakely, Alabama for the Siege of Fort Blakely.   The 68th Regiment was involved in the assault and capture of Fort Blakely on April 9 and the occupation of Mobile on April 12.   They saw duty at Montgomery and at Mobile till June. The Regiment moved to New Orleans thence to Texas for duty on the Rio Grande and at various points in Texas till February 1866."(3)   The Regiment was mustered out February 5, 1866, at Camp Parapet, Louisiana.  Polly Inman applied for a widow's pension from Arkansas on Oct. 8, 1897.  

Joseph's slaveholder was listed as Marvin Inman.  Marvel Inman came to Pulaski County before 1840.  In the 1860 Slave Census Marvel Inman had eight slaves.  One slave listed was a fourteen year old male described as Black.

Allen Carter gave his age as 20 when he enlisted at Rolla on March 28, 1864.

                                      Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

One day later five slaves from neighboring Camden County enlisted at Jefferson City.  All five of their recruitment pages carry the same notation as Allen Carter's: "delivered on December 16, 1864."   Allen's service card listed him as a substitute for John Bass of Boone County, Missouri.    The Enrollment Act of 1863 allowed those drafted to avoid military service by paying a commutation tax or hiring a substitute who served for them.

Listed as 5 ft. 4 1/2 inches tall, Allen Carter was mustered in to the 60th Regt. Co. E under Capt. Woody.  The 60th Regiment served Post and Garrison duty in Arkansas.  He was mustered out October 15, 1865, at DeValls Bluff, Arkansas.  

Allen Carter's slaveholder was listed as Jesse Rail/Rayl of Pulaski County, Missouri.  A bill of sale states that J. A. Rayl purchased Allen as a ten year old boy for $500 on February 19, 1853.

Courtesy National Archives and Records Administration

In the 1860 Slave Census, there were six slaves in Waynesville.  Five of them belonged to Jesse Rayl who lived next to the stage stop.(2)  One of these slaves was a sixteen year old male described as Black.

Slaveholders could apply for compensation for a slave that served in the United States Colored Troops.  

Courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration

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Note:  Jesse Rayl came to Pulaski County from Hawkins County, Tennessee.  Many Pulaski County residents followed the same path in the decades before the Civil War.  Three of Jesse's sons enlisted in the 48th Regiment Company A at Waynesville on July 30, 1864.   This event was significant in the murder of Callaway Hodges Manes, the focus of nine May 2015 blog posts.

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Sources:

(1) http://www.buffalosoldier.net/62nd65thRegimentsU.S.ColoredInfantry.htm

(2) http://www.oldstagecoachstop.org/webgeezer/Gazette12/pages%2032-40%20Civil%20War%20Comes%20to%20Pulaski.pdf

(3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_Missouri_Regiment_of_Colored_Infantry